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“The researchers have used several clever algorithmic tricks to reduce a lot of the artifacts that previous algorithms suffered from, and they made it work in real-time,” says Gordon Wetzstein, an assistant professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University, who was not involved in the research. Kellnhofer says the algorithm can handle larger left/right differences than phase-based approaches, while also resolving issues such as depth of focus and reflections that can be challenging for depth-image-based approaches. The CSAIL team's key innovation is a new algorithm that combines elements of these two techniques. (One assumption it makes is that each pixel has only one depth value, which means that it can’t reproduce effects such as transparency and motion blur.) Meanwhile, “depth image-based rendering” is much better at managing those differences, but it has to run at a low-resolution that can sometimes lose small details. So-called “phase-based rendering” is fast, high-resolution, and largely accurate, but it doesn't perform well when the left-eye and right-eye images are too different from each other. This allows the brain to naturally compute the depth in the image.Įxisting techniques for converting 3-D movies have major limitations.
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As a result, each eye perceives what it would see while really being at a given location inside the scene. Home3D converts 3-D movies from “stereoscopic” to “multiview” video, which means that, rather than showing just a pair of images, the screen displays three or more images that simulate what the scene looks like from different locations. Didyk is now at Saarland University and the Max-Planck Institute in Germany. Kellnhofer wrote the paper with MIT professors Fredo Durand, William Freeman, and Wojciech Matusik, as well as postdoc Pitchaya Sitthi-Amorn, former CSAIL postdoc Piotr Didyk, and former master’s student Szu-Po Wang '14 MNG '16. In a user study involving clips from movies including “The Avengers” and “Big Buck Bunny,” participants rated Home3D videos as higher quality 60 percent of the time, compared to 3-D videos converted with other approaches. The team’s algorithms for Home3D also let users customize the viewing experience, dialing up or down the desired level of 3-D for any given movie. The team says that in the future Home3D could take the form of a chip that could be put into TVs or media players such as Google’s Chromecast. Home3D can run in real-time on a graphics-processing unit (GPU), meaning it could run on a system such as an Xbox or a PlayStation. “By converting existing 3-D movies to this format, our system helps open the door to bringing 3-D TVs into people’s homes.”
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“Automultiscopic displays aren’t as popular as they could be because they can’t actually play the stereo formats that traditional 3-D movies use in theaters,” says Kellnhofer, who was the lead author on a paper about Home3D that he will present at this month’s SIGGRAPH computer graphics conference in Los Angeles. Home3D converts traditional 3-D movies from stereo into a format that’s compatible with so-called “automultiscopic displays.” According to postdoc Petr Kellnhofer, these displays are rapidly improving in resolution and show great potential for home theater systems. To actually get the 3-D effect, though, you have to wear glasses, which have proven too inconvenient to create much of a market for 3-D TVs.īut researchers from MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) aim to change that with “Home3D,” a new system that allows users to watch 3-D movies at home without having to wear special glasses. While 3-D movies continue to be popular in theaters, they haven’t made the leap to our homes just yet - and the reason rests largely on the ridge of your nose.Įver wonder why we wear those pesky 3-D glasses? Theaters generally either use special polarized light or project a pair of images that create a simulated sense of depth.